Judicial Authority

Only the court carries out Justice in the Russian Federation. The judicial authority is carried out by means of the constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal legal proceedings. The judicial system of the Russian Federation is established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law. Creation of emergency courts is not supposed.

1. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation consists of 19 judges.

2. The Constitutional Court on the President's inquiries, Council of Federation, the State Duma, the one fifth of the members of the Federation Council or deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court and the High Arbitration court of the Russian Federation, the bodies of the legislative and executive authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation resolves the following cases in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation:

?) federal laws, statutory acts of the President of the Russian Federation, Council of Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation;
b) the Constitutions of Republics, charters, laws and other statutory acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation, issued upon questions, concerning the jurisdiction of bodies of the government of the Russian Federation and joint jurisdiction of bodies of the government of the Russian Federation and bodies of the government of the subjects of the Russian Federation;
c) contracts between the government bodies of the Russian Federation and government bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation, contracts between the government bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation;
d) international contracts of the Russian Federation, which are not in force.

3. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation resolves disputes about the competence.

4. In order established by the federal law the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on complaints of infringement of constitutional laws and freedom of citizens and on court inquiries checks the constitutionality of the law applied or its being a subject to application in the particular case.

5. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the President's inquiries, the Council of Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the regulatory authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation gives interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

6. Acts or their separate positions, which are recognized unconstitutional, lose their validity; the international contracts of the Russian Federation are not subject to introduction in action and to application if they do not agree with the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

7. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation draws the conclusion about the accordance of accusation of the President of the Russian Federation in high treason or other serious crime with the established order by the inquiry of the Council of Federation.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial body for the civil, criminal, administrative and other cases, which are under trial jurisdiction. It carries out judicial supervision over lower courts in accordance with the judicial procedure provided by the federal law and gives explanations on the judiciary practice.

The High Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial body for the economic disputes and other cases, which under the jurisdiction of arbitration courts. It carries out judicial supervision over their activity in accordance with the judicial procedure of the federal law and gives explanations on the judiciary practice